Showing posts with label Valerius Herberger. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Valerius Herberger. Show all posts

Saturday, July 15, 2023

Valerius Herberger on the Division of the Apostles [July 15]


On the Day of the Division of the Apostles [July 15]

De numero et officio Apostolorum
Of the number and office of the Holy Apostles.

De numero quatuor Evangelistarum dicam die S. Lucæ in Exordio: I will speak of the number of the four Evangelists in the exordium on the day of St. Luke.

In the name of Jesus Christ, the Confidence of all holy Apostles and of ourselves, my Portion in the land of the living (Ps. 142), my heart’s Comfort and my Portion (Ps. 73), forever more blessed and beloved with God the heavenly Father and the Holy Ghost, world without end. Amen.

Devout hearts, that we may say something noteworthy concerning the Division of the Apostels, join me in praying, “The Father and the Son bless us; God the Holy Ghost bless us, whom all the world doth glorify,” etc.

Hear with devout attention the appointed Gospel which was traditionally read on the day of the Division of the Apostles, from the 9th chapter of St. Luke:

The Lord Jesus called the Twelve together and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases; and sent them out to preach the kingdom of God and to heal the sick; and said unto them, Ye shall take nothing with you on the way, neither staff nor scrip nor bread nor money, neither shall any have two coats. And when ye enter into a house, abide ye there until that ye depart thence. And whosoever receive you not, go ye out of the same city and shake off the dust from your feet for a testimony against them. And they went out and passed through the marketplaces, preaching the Gospel and healing in every place.

Quid intelligatur sub titulo Divisionis Apostolorum: What is meant by the title “Division of the Apostles.”

God-devoted hearts! The feast of the Divisionis Apostolorum, of the Division of the Apostles, does not remind us that the holy Apostles gladly and willingly divided their goods among the poor according to their means (Acts 2). For the word of Christ was ever in their mind, “Be ye merciful, as your Father is merciful.” Much less does it remind us that Christ left them a worldly estate which they divided among themselves after His ascension. For He Himself laments (Matt. 8), “Foxes have holes, and the fowl under heaven have nests, but the Son of Man hath not whereon to lay His head.” Whoever still seeks worldly goods with Christ today will certainly be disappointed. For His kingdom is not from thence. Rather, the Division of the Apostles reminds us how, at about this time of year, those twelve dear men, after receiving the Holy Ghost, were willingly divided one from another and scattered into the whole world according to Christ’s command [Matt. 28], “Go ye into all the world, teach all nations,” etc.

Thomas makes his way among the Parthians, Medes, Persians, Hyrcanians, and Bactrians, and into the remotest Indians; Matthew into Macedonia and Ethiopia, Bartholomew into Lycaonia and further India, Andrew into Achaea and Scythia, John into Asia, Peter into Pontus, Galatia, Bithynia, Cappadocia, and Italy, James the Great into Spain, Judas Thaddæus into Mesopotamia, Simon into Egypt, and Philip into Gaul, while James the Less remained in Jerusalem. And from these lands, the whole world was filled with their teaching according to the prophecy of Psalm 19: “Their line (the Apostles’ teaching, the plumbline and norm of our faith and life) is gone into every land.” The ancient doctors of the church inform us that they first established the Symbolum Apostolicum and agreed to abide by that in every land. Peter is said to have initiated it, saying, “I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth,” Andrew thereupon to have said, “And in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord.” And so each added his piece to it until finally Matthias concluded with “eternal life,” even as these twelve articles are commonly written under the image of the Apostles.

If we also abide by these articles of the Apostles’ Creed, we are agreed with the Apostles in religion and can be saved just as certainly as the holy Apostles.

Cur legatur hic textus: Why this text is read.

Now, because a similar division of the holy Apostles also occurred in the Promised Land before our Lord Christ’s Passion, when He sent them ahead of Him two by two into certain Judean cities (as Mark bears record in ch. 6) to announce Him and His Gospel and say that He would quickly follow on their heels wherever He may be a welcome Guest to them, therefore our forefathers assigned this account for this day. Matthew describes the account at great length in chapter 10, which is why Pomerius [Bugenhagen] refers to this text. But here, St. Luke gives a very quick summary. Therefore let us stick with the old missals and direct our devout attention to three points:

Dispositio: Outline.

1. From what considerations the Lord Jesus divided the whole world with the doctrine of precisely twelve Apostles; why He chose twelve persons, no more, no less, to preach the Gospel at first.

2. What He obligated them to do when for the sake of their office they were to be divided up and part ways.

3. How each one obediently found his assigned portion and served Christ faithfully, that we might all have them for examples.

    The Lord bless us out of Zion, even He who made heaven and earth (Ps. 134). . . .

 

[Part of this Postil has been omitted.]

 


Of the Third Point.

Whoever obeys, honors.

What do the Apostles do at this command? “They went out and passed through the marketplaces, preaching the Gospel and healing in every place.” They divided up according to Christ’s command. Each one goes to his own assigned place and portion. They do the same thing also after Christ’s ascension. For “obedience is better than sacrifice” (1 Sam. 15). Oboedientia optima reverentia. Let every man examine his conscience as to what he would do if God spoke to him in hurch. When you go home, there is also a divisio discipulorum Jesu, a division of Jesus’ disciples. One goes out one door, another goes out another door. Let each go to his own portion, place, and vocation in which God has set him. Let no man go to the brandy house, to the place of villains, to evil deeds, but let each consider in what portion and in what estate God has placed him. If any man govern, let him attentive; if any man teach, let him study further; if any many labor, let him be more diligent than before. In summary, in every place of your vocation obey your Savior Jesus, and on the Last Day you will be recalled again from every place and, gathered with the holy Apostles, glorify God forever. Amen.

 

Closing Benediction.

Jesus Christ, the holy Apostles’ only Foundation, at whose command they willingly divided themselves and faithfully served God in every place whither the Holy Ghost drove each one, grant that we may willingly divide ourselves in the world (each in his own area), faithfully serve God in every place of our vocation, and afterward, by a blessed last hour, be gathered with joy to eternal glory, where with the Twelve Apostles we will see God face to face and be healed forever. Amen.

 

(Translation © 2023 Matthew Carver.)

Tuesday, July 4, 2023

Valerius Herberger: Commemoration of John Hus

 


On the Octave of Peter and Paul
Commemoration of John Hus

Confessio Evangelicæ Veritatis
compensabitur aureola æternæ salutis.

The evangelical truth’s confession
is rewarded with the halo of eternal salvation.

In the name of Jesus Christ, quem candidatus martyrum laudat exercitus, whom the noble army of martyrs praise with a mighty sound, who will joyfully confess before His Father all godly hearts who fearlessly publish His Gospel before men; forever most blessed with God the heavenly Father, the Lover of all believing confessors, and the Holy Ghost, the Support of all bold confessors, world without end. Amen.

Devout hearts, we are minded to hear a beautiful saying from the mouth of the Lord Jesus, and to illuminate the same with the account of John Hus. Now that it may be done prosperously, help me to pray: “Arise, O Lord, help us for Thy mercy’s sake” (Ps. 44).

Hear the noteworthy words which Matthew has recorded in chapter 10:

The Lord Jesus said: Whosoever confesseth Me before men, him will I confess before My heavenly Father; but whosoever denieth Me before men, him will I also deny before My heavenly Father.

Recordatio Johann Huß: Commemoration of John Hus.

Beloved friends, the octave of Peter and Paul, namely the 6th of July, is renowned in the Evangelical churches on account of the forthright, fearless confession of the noble martyr John Hus, who on this same day in the year of Christ 1415 was burned in Constance, Swabia. (Sequor acta Huss. Chytræi Onomasticon pag. 842. Johannem Foxum Anglum qui prolixe descripsit et Indicem Bucholzeri: I follow the Acts of Hus in Chytræus’s Onomasticon, p. 842, the Englishman John Fox, who has given a lengthy description, and Buchholzer’s Index.) Now because his history is worth remembering, let us first lay the foundation and hear from the mouth of Christ that we are all obliged not only to know and to love the Lord Jesus in our heart, but also to confess Him with our mouth, and also the most weighty reasons which we have for this. Second, let us hear how John Hus will present the mirror to us and be a living example of the words of Christ. God grant His blessing to the devout labor of our heart! Amen. <298>

 

Of the First Point.

We are to confess Jesus.

We are indebted, on pain of losing our salvation, to know the Lord Jesus. For He says (John 10), “I know Mine own, and am known of Mine”; and, “This is eternal life, that they know Thee, that Thou alone art true God, and Him whom Thou hast sent, Jesus Christ” (John 17). Therefore Peter says there is salvation in none other (Acts 4). We swear this immediately upon Holy Baptism. Consider this, dear parents! With the mother’s milk, pour also the name of Jesus immediately into the tender, young hearts of your children.

Love.

Second, we are also indebted to love the Lord Jesus in our heart. “To have love for Jesus surpasseth all high imaginings” (Eph. 3). “He that loveth not the Lord Jesus, let him be accursed unto death” (1 Cor. ult.).

Confess.

Yet these two things do not form the whole of Christianity. Rather, we are indebted also to confess the Lord Jesus and His Gospel with the mouth. Of this the Lord Jesus Himself says, “Whosoever confesseth Me before men, him will I confess before My heavenly Father,” etc. And St. Paul says, “if one believeth from the heart, one is justified, and if one confesseth with the mouth, one is saved.”

Jesum multis modis confitemur. Docendo, audiendo: We confess Jesus in many ways: By teaching, hearing.

But now the Lord Jesus is confessed in various ways:

1. When He is preached without fear, as the holy Apostles do (Acts 2; 5). When no heed is given to danger, as with Paul. When His person, office, and benefits are taught rightly, as with Athanasius.

2. When God’s Word is diligently followed, even if danger results, as with that mother of Edessa who took her son with her that he too might become a martyr; as with the godly Christians, some twenty thousand of whom were burned in their church on Christmas Day, as was told at the same time. Victorinus, a Roman rhætor, told old Simplicianus that he was a Christian. Simplicianus answered him, “I will not believe it until I see thee in our church.” Then said Victorinus, “Then if I hear aright, your church walls make one a Christian.” For he did not wish to anger his friends and kinsmen. Thereupon Simplicianus recited the words of the Lord Jesus just read, which so struck his heart that he appeared in church unexpectedly. All this is called confessing Christ publicly.

Quærendo absolutionem et cenam Domini: By seeking Absolution and the Lord’s Supper.

3. When the Absolution is sought in humility, and the Table of the Lord attended with a hungry and thirsty heart. For when this does not happen, no godly heart can be distinguished from a frivolous, Epicurean sow.

Orando: By prayer.

4. When the Lord Jesus is called upon, as with Stephen, as with the Canaanite woman, as with blind Bartimæus. For “whoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved” (Rom. 10).

Pie vivendo: By living godly lives.

5. When a Christian life is lead according to St. Paul’s teaching (2. Tim. 2): “Let everyone that confesseth and nameth the Lord Jesus depart from unrighteousness,” when testimony is made in deed that the Lord Jesus is regarded as one’s sovereign Lord.

Impiorum consortiæ vitando: By avoiding the fellowship of the ungodly.

6. When entanglement with the ungodly is avoided according to the teaching of Psalm 1, and they are shunned, as John did Cerinthus’ bath, as Polycarp said to one devil-head, “Cognosco te primogenitum Satanæ: I know thee, firstborn of Satan.”

Non desperando: By not despairing.

7. When one does not doubt in the cross, but confidently says with Job (ch. 19), “I know that my Redeemer liveth.” When one in tribulation does not let oneself be blinded by the devil, as Judas, Cain, and Saul did, but steadfastly confesses that a single drop of the Lord Jesus’ blood outweighs all our sin.

Veritatem non dissimulando: By not feigning truth.

8. When one’s religion is not set on a screw, one does not waver and lean to either side. If the Lord Jesus had kept His love <299> secret, what would we know to speak of it? But He demonstrated it to us with words, with deeds, and with every drop of His blood. We are obliged to show Him the same degree of gratitude.

Constanter perseverando: By persevering steadfastly.

9. When in persecutions one remains steadfast until the end, as the holy martyrs did (Matt. 10; 24; Rev. 2).

Hinc apparet, quot modis Christus abnegetur: Hence it is clear in how many ways Christ is denied.

From this it becomes clear as day what it means, on the contrary, to deny the Lord Jesus. They are not confessors of Jesus, but rather traitors and deniers of Him:

1. Who hinder the course of the Gospel of Jesus, who call themselves by Jesus’ name and yet sweep under the rug all that is said in Scripture to the glory of the Lord Jesus, as though they had sworn an oath to that effect; who slay and put to death so many sincere lovers of the Lord Jesus, or who teach wrongly of the Lord Jesus’ person, office, and benefits, such as the Photinians and other rash spirits.

2. To whom God’s Word is as dear as a hot turnip in the mouth, who for a despicable little portion neglect all sermons or, if they hear them, are not improved by them, as though the Lord Jesus had nothing to command them.

3. Who do not go to the confessional chair and Holy Supper once a year or over several years. Ambrose says they are perfidi desertores castrorum Domini: false people who have sworn loyalty to the bloody banner of the Lord Jesus in Holy Baptism, but have proved unfaithful. God, help us, it is horrible to hear! See, O traitor of God, how you can adorn yourself. If all did as you do, what distinction would there be between angels and devils, or Jews or heathens and Christians?

4. Who do not wish to call upon the name of Jesus, as Servetus in Geneva, who refused to pray, “Christ, Thou Son of God, have mercy upon me,” even when prompted by Guilelmus Farellus. Moreover, this Servetus is the grandfather of the new Arians of our times. Pertinent here are also the ruffians who bend no knee at the name of Jesus, much less doff their crude felt hat.

5. Who live unchristian lives, are Evangelical and Lutheran with their lips, evil-minded and loose with their life (Ps. 14). May God root out all such noxious weeds, that the mangy sheep may not corrupt the healthy ones.

6. Who associate with all the enemies of Christ, play with them under their hat, eat out of the same spoon, and betray the welfare of the whole church for the sake of little sip. Whoever gets mixed up with the slop is devoured by the swine.

7. Who in tribulation fall into despair, like Latomus and Spira, and count their sins greater than the precious merits of Jesus Christ, as Cain did.

8. Who are neither cold nor hot, like those of Laodicea (Rev. 3); who let themselves dream that the truth may be known in the heart and enemies be vexed with deceptive words, as Gordius’ friends thought, whom the noble knight refuted from St. Paul’s words (Rom. 10); or as formerly Basilides and the Elcesaites claimed (Lege Onom. Chytræi).

9. Who for the sake of temporal glory raise the flag of the rabbit, as did Julian the Apostate, better named Idolian, and Demas, who forsook St. Paul and loved the world, like Ecebolius the weathercock.

Praxis: Practical application.

Now you know what Jesus means by confessing and denying. “If ye know, blessed are ye, if ye do according thereto” (John 13) and by no means deny Jesus, but openly confess Him in the manner recounted above.

Causæ impulsiva: Impulsive cause.

But what powerful, compelling reasons do we have for this? The Lord Jesus brings to our mind great benefit and certain harm.

Benefit.

The benefit is this. “Whosoever confesseth Me before men, him will I confess before  My heavenly Father.” When they pray, the Lord Jesus will <300> take up their cause before His Father, and be their advocate (Rom. 8; 1 John 2). When they whimper in their cross, He will confess Himself as their Savior and not leave them (John 14; Ps. 9). He will creep with them in all furnaces of the cross (Dan. 3) and deliver them, as He did Peter (Acts 12). In distress and death He will give them a champion’s courage as He did Laurence, who said, “Has epulas diu exoptavi: I have long desired these banquets.” On the Last Day He will publicly know and confess them as those who love Him. Then will follow the dies confessionis Jesu Christi: the day of the confession of Jesus Christ, when He will deliver the kingdom to His Father (1 Cor. 15), that thenceforth God may be All in all. Then He will confess and say, “These are My beloved sheep, My dear brothers and sisters whom I have delivered, dear Father. Love them as Thou lovest Me, and let them abide with Thee forever.” Tunc erit tibi gloria: Then glory will be yours. Oh what singing of praise and what thanksgiving will be raised (as may be read in Revelation at the end of chapter 7 and in the middle of chapter 12).

Detriment.

The detriment is found in the statement, “But whosoever denieth Me before men, him will I also deny before My heavenly Father.” That is, when they pray, the Lord will not know or hear them, but let them babble in vain as did the priests of Baal (1 Kings 19). When they whimper in their cross, He will not have mercy on them, as He did not on Antiochus (2 Macc. 9). Suchlike is not to be read in all the Bible. From this may God preserve all hearts who hear it. In tribulation the devil shall be the abbot of such unfaithful souls, and receive the best thereof, as happened with Franciscus Spira. When death comes, evil shall be made worse. They shall be buried in hell, and cry out with the rich man, “Crucior in hac flamma: I am tormented in this flame!” (Luke 16). On the Last Day, they shall hear the disheartening declaration, “I have never known you. Depart from me, all ye evildoers” (Matt. 7). “I never knew you” (Matt. 25). That it is what it means when it says, “Thou repayest each according as he deserveth” (Ps. 62)

 

Of the Second Point.

Applicatio historiæ Iohannis Huß: Application to the history of John Hus.

These words of the Lord Jesus were zealously followed by the honor-loving martyr from Bohemia, John Hus. From this not only does he have a Christian name in the world, but the Lord Jesus, whom he confessed, and who by His Spirit gave him the courage to be able to confess steadfastly, will confess him in turn before His Father. Blessed John Hus, from his confession veritatis, of the truth, can await the aureolam salutis, the halo of salvation. Let us examine the chief points of his history.

Patria Hußi: Hus’s homeland.

He was born in a Bohemian village Hussinecz, just like Valentius Fridland von Trotzendorff, and Master Vechner, former rector of Freystadt, who both educated many learned people. Luther was the son of a simple woodcutter, and in his youth also ate the bread of charity. God begins His enterprises humbly but concludes them loftily. He accomplishes the greatest objects through poor people, that the glory may remain His own (1 Cor. 1).

Doctrina Hußi. Hus’s teaching.

In the year of Christ 1400, the pope held a great jubilee year in Rome, and offered indulgences lavishly to all who came with a full purse. John Hus rebuked this and said it was intolerable greed and simoniacal trafficking, basing his argument on Peter’s words in Acts 8: “So that thou shalt be damned with thy money, because that thou thinkest God’s gift is obtained by money”; and in 1 Peter 1: “Know that ye were redeemed not with perishable silver or gold, but with the precious blood of Jesus Christ,” etc.; and said, “The true indulgence is found only in the precious merit of Jesus Christ. For ‘the blood of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, cleanseth us from all sins’ (1 John 1). This letter of indulgence Jesus, the Legatus a latere æterni Patris, the Legate from the side of the eternal Father, appointed Himself (John 6): ‘This is the will of Him who sent Me, that whosoever seeth the Son and believeth in Him hath everlasting life.’ (Lege Mourning-Bands, part 2.) <301> This indulgence must be bought by grace, for free, without money, as Isaiah says (Isa. 25), and this indulgence is free and open all year, every day and hour, to all penitent hearts, in the Absolution whenever they come to confession. God’s grace is without moderation. There is no need to run to Rome first. That is why the Lord Jesus commanded the Gospel, in which the true indulgence is comprehended, to be preached in all the world.” Behold, the business began as it did with Luther. Therefore he recalls him approvingly in the preface to the Bohemian Brethren hymnal. Just as Luther had his Philipp, so Johan Hus had with him the learned Hieronymus from Prague. Peter of Dresden, who made the songs Quem pastores, In dulci jubilo, and other Christmas hymns, in which German and Latin are mixed together, in the year 1410, also began to rebuke the withholding of the chalice in the Holy Supper, when John Hus was already at Constance, he ventured it and re-established its use. Therefore Hus wrote at home, “You have found the chalice in which I shall drink my death,” which also happened. For Hus had to do everything. He also said that the Roman Church is no longer the etrue church; for of the true church the Lord Jesus said above in John 10, “My sheep hear My voice.” The same thing was also said by a notable theologian to Bishop Gerstman when he asked why had left the papacy: “The word, Hunc audite (Matt. 17), does it all. Hus said that the doctrine of the Roman priests was as far from the doctrine of the holy Apostles as heaven from earth. For the latter sought the salvation of men, but the former sought the money and property of men, and consumed it with dogs, whereas the Lord Jesus, Vos autem non sic. He also rejected Masses for the souls of the deceased. For ex inferno there is nulla redemptio. Likewise, the worshiping of images; for we are to call upon God alone (Deut. 6; Matt. 4). Behold, dear heart, John Hus was not the first to speak against the papacy. Even in the midst of the papacy there were the “seven thousand who did not bend their knee before Baal,” as in the days of Elijah (1 Kings 19). There have always been those who distinguished black and white, as may be seen in the great, enlarged catalogus testium veritatis. Only they could not make progress becauase of the great power, or they did not have the courge to put it into the light. Only Luther is able first to venture what no emperor and prince was able to venture.

Concilium constantiense: The Council of Constance.

Concerning this religious schism, the emperor Sigismund was concerned, and brought a free council out to Constance in the year 1414 (two fourteens—there was to be a great change) and to it cited John Hus, and also sent him safe conduct. Hus immediately arose before he received the safe conduct and on the way testified everywhere to what his opinion was, as Luther did (lege ejus vitam apud Matthesium 21b). The truth does not creep into a secret place; it does not flee the light (John 3).

The pope himself came to the council and began the sessions with a glorious oratio from the words of Zechariah 8: “Love ye truth and peace.” This was made to be a cloak. It goes according to the proverb: in God’s name all calamity begins, just as in the cellar the drink is also spoiled when in God’s name water is poured into wine, and the table-beer and “fish-beer” is poured into the best stuff. The emperor also came afterward and on Christmas Eve put on a choir gown and publicly sang the Gospel from Luke 2. A decree was issued by Emperor Augustus. The business, however, was greatly prlonged. In the year 1415, on July 5, Hus was presented and asked where he persevered in his teaching. He said, “Yes.” Further, whether he would recant. He said, “Yes, willingly, if it is against God’s Word.” Then said the bishop, “Hui, tune plus vis sapere universo concilio: Wilt thou be more knowledgeable than all of us?” Hus said, “No, dear sirs, but neither are ye to be more knowledgeable <302> than God and His Word. I will step around the least letter in God’s Word.” Then cried the bishop, “Heu quam pertinax ille in sua hæresi: Oh, how the fellow sticks and stands fast in his heresy!” For Satan cannot hear the “scriptum est: it is written.”

Huß condemnatur: Hus is condemned.

The following day, July 6, on the octave of Peter and Paul, the archbishop brings them into the parish church. After Mass is celebrated, tables and benches are arranged. The bishop preaches, framing his words in three points: 1. What worthless people heretics are; 2. Authorities have full power to execute them; 3. What great benefit follows such action. When he has concluded, the concilii orator, speaker of the council, steps forward and applices the sermon to poor Hus, and mixes in many irrelevant matters. Hus wishes to respond, but is commanded to keep silent; for a heretic has no power to speak in church. He asks to be convinced of the false accusations, as fitting by law, but no one will hear him. At this he falls into despondency and says, “Then I summon you all before the judgment of God, when all truth shall have room.” Then hell burned: is this how he answers the high priest? He appeals to the emperor’s conduct and says, “For what purpose, then, is his majesty’s certificate and seal if I am not to be heard and speak the truth?” But the clergy claimed, “Hæretico non servandam fidem: faith need not be kept with a heretic.” Over this, Zedekiah also came into sorrow and distress (2 Chron. ult.). And Vladislaus the King of Poland and Hungary, who fell piteously before Varna, whom Cardinal Julian absolved of the oath he had made in the year 1444. The Turkish emperor Amurathes is supposed to have stepped before the crucifix on Julian’s banner and said, “Thou crucified Christ, if Thou be God’s Son, then chasten Thy Christians, which in Thy name sware peace unto me and shamefully brake it.” Thereupon fortune inclined toward the Turkish side. The noble Caspar von Schlick, chancellor of three emperors, stood at Constance and publicly protested, in the name of the emperor, that he had not consented to the priestly business, as may also be read in the Annales Silesiæ. However, might precedes right. Hus was denied his life, and (terrible to hear) the resolution “Hoc non obstante” concerning the Holy Supper was made: “Notwithstanding Christ instituted it under both forms and it was also used by the faitihful in the early church in both forms, yet it is to remain according to the current custom of the church.” Christianity stinks from these people’s throats like Bohemian cheese.

I must make mention of Doctor Andreas Zacharias, who with respect to John Hus earned a rose in his cap from the pope, who said, “Hus, I will overcome you from your own Bible,” (and turned to Ezekiel 34, where it says, “I will strike My shepherds et non populus, and not the people”) “Behold, God Himself wishes to rebuke the pope and his cardinal; you had no power to do so.” And these words stood in Hus’s Bible: “et non populus: and not the people.” The learned might well cross themselves to see how the words appeared. For we find them now in no Bibles, even if they are printed in the midst of the papacy. Spalatin said, “The devil put that text into the Bible.” This Doctor Andreas Zachariæ lies buried before the high altar in the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt. When Doctor Andreas Proles saw his image in the cloister in Gotha with a rose in his cap, he said to Doctor Staupitz, “God protect me from wearing this rose,” since he had overcome Johann Hus unjustly from a falsified Bible. Behold, this was made to be a little cloak to cover the evil affair.

Huß crematur: Hus is burned.

Thereupon Hus was degraded and deprived of all his priestly dignity, and handed over to the secular judges, as Christ was to Pilate and the soldiers. On his head was placed a paper mitre on which three devils were painted along with the title, “Iste est hæresiarcha: This is an arch-heretic.” Then he was burned and his ashes scattered in the Rhine. But in the process he was <303> joyful and of good cheer, just as his colleague Hieronymus of Prague was the next year, 1416, on Saturday after Ascension, who said, “post centum annos respondebitis Deo et mihi: After a hundred years you will answer God and me.” Æeneas Sylvius, an arch-papist, who later became pope, writes a remarkable thing:

Quasi ad epulas invitari ad incendium properarunt, nullum emittentes vocem, quæ miseri animi posset facere indicium. Ubi ardere cœperunt, hymnum cecinére, quem vix flamma et fragor ignis intercipere potuit. Nemo Philosophorum tam forti animo mortem pertulisse traditur, quam isti incendium: They hastened to the fire as if invited to a banquet, emitting no cry which might give indication of a wretched soul. When they began to burn, they sang a hymn, which the flame and crackling of the fire could scarcely hinder. No philosopher is reported to have borne death so boldly as these men did their fire.

When the hangman was about to kindle the fire behind Hieronymus, he said, “Huc accede, et in conspectu ignem accende. Si enim illum timuissem, nunquam in hunc locum, quem fugiendi facultas erat, accessissem: Come here and light the fire before my face. For if I feared it, I would never have approached this place from which there was power to flee.” {Read of Luther’s joy, V. Mathesii, p. 21.} This all flows from a good conscience, which is an everlasting delight. This courage mightily impressed many hearts. They said, “What these men taught we do not know, but their death is very comforting and Christian.” Therefore Emperor Charles said, when he heard of the Elector’s steadfastness, “Of a truth, this doctrine must have more foundation than many of you think.” Gerson, the chancellor of Paris, was also at Constance and helped to season these bad fish in spite of his conscience (lege Examen Concilii Tridentini parte secunda, how boils the bolts), was pricked in his heart because of this. Fourteen years later he died in great misery in Lyons. Shortly before his death, he gathered the children, brought them into the church, and behind closed doors had them kneel before the altar and spoke before them pitifully, “Deus meus, Creator meus, miserere miseri famuli tui Johannis Gerson: O my God, my Maker, have mercy upon Thy miserable servant John Gerson!”

Patientia: Longsuffering. — Vaticinium: Prophecy.

Let us remain with John Hus. When he saw that a farmerwas bringing a greaet armful of wood. Then a monk called out an indulgence for all those who would help put this heretic to death. Then the captive man said, “O sancta simplicitas: O holy innocence, what are you doing?” And he prayed for his enemies, just as Christ and Stephen had done. He also prophesied and said, “You are now cooking a goose (which in Bohemian is ‘Hus’), but in a hundred years, a swan will come, whom you will leave unroasted.” (It this event, no doubt, that Hieronymus of Prague also saw a hundred years before.) This was truly fulfilled. For Hus was burned in the year 1415, but Luther, the white swan from Wittenberg (Whitenberg) began to write in the year 1517. That is two hundred and two years apart. The papists also wished to break his safe conduct to Worms and roast him, but the Rhenish Palsgrave, Elector Ludwig, would not let his certificate and seal be broken; he would never, as an honest German prince, bear the ignominy of having deceived any man to his death. He also said, “It should not be forgotten how Emperor Sigmund no longer had any success from the moment he broke, contrary to the laws of all nations, the safe conduct given to John Hus.”

Agon extremus: Final agony.

As John Hus was led to his death, he prayed without ceasing, “Jesu Fili Dei vivi, qui passus es pro nobis, miserere mei: Jesus, Son of the living God, who didst suffer for us, have mercy upon me!” Behold how he observed the octave of Peter and Paul, how he made use of Peter’s words from the Gospel of Matthew 16. Therefore even the gates of hell cannot prevail against him. Learn likewise to make use of the latest sermons in your prayer. “Qualis concio, talis debet esse precatio: Such as the sermon, so should the prayer also be.”

Praxis: Practical application.

What John Hus did, all who love Christ are obliged to do. Let everyone ask his heart what he is minded to do in this situation. A fine confessor! How would you confess Christ in time of peril, who now in good days exhibit no Christian work to the honor of Christ nor live according to the Gospel, but wallow in all reckless frivolity! May God correct you! <304>
You who are poor, you also have your stake of anguish. Everyone has his little fire of the cross in which his heart is roasted. Come then, confess Christ, do not deny Him. Forget Him not. Call upon Him. Remain faithful to Him even to the last gasp. That will benefit you eternally. Amen.

Closing Benediction.

Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God, upon whom John Hus also called; the certain Lover of all who know and confess His name, pour the Holy Spirit into our heart, that we may not only know and love Him with His Evangelical truth, but also with joyful lips fearlessly confess Him before all the world, that He may confess us before His heavenly Father, and we accordingly receive the golden crown of eternal salvation, which is laid up for all who confess Jesus. Amen.

(Translation © 2023 Matthew Carver.)

Tuesday, August 6, 2019

Is Jesus in Exodus?


Lutheran Commentaries on Exodus

Luther (sermons, 1524–1527)
David Chytraeus, 1556.
Victorinus Strigel, 1566.
Valerius Herberger, 1606–7
David Runge, 1614.
Georg Calixt (!), 1641.
Joh. Georg Hagemann, 1738.

Is Jesus in Exodus?

Yes and no. “Jesus” is the name given by the angel after He had been conceived by His mother Mary (Matt. 1:21). So if we ask, “Was the 2nd person of the Trinity, the eternal Word of God, in Exodus,” then the answer is yes. But at the time He had not yet taken on human nature, and He had not yet taken on the name “Jesus.” If we keep that in mind, then it’s fine to speak of “Jesus” being in Exodus, since our Jesus is the same one who was with Israel in the book of Exodus.

In what ways is Jesus in Exodus?

1. As God; 2. in theophanies; 3. as typified in the Passover lamb; 4. as typified in the exodus; 5. as typified in Moses; 6. as typified in Israel; 7. as typified in the tabernacle; and 8. as commentator.

How is Jesus in Exodus as God?

Wherever Exodus speaks of God, it is speaking of God the holy Trinity, and Jesus is the 2nd person of the Trinity. John 14:10, “I am in the Father, and the Father [is] in Me.” John 1:1: “In the beginning was the Word and the Word with with God, and the Word was God.”

Here V. Herberger notes that when God does something in Exodus, Jesus is doing that with His Father and the Holy Spirit: “JESUS, with His heavenly Father and the Holy Spirit, comes to the aid of the Israelites when they pray (Exod. 2:24)” (sermon 4, cf. sermons 27–36, 42–44, 46).

How is Jesus in Exodus in theophanies?

God appears to Moses and Israel several times in Exodus, such as in the burning bush and in the pillar of cloud and fire. But John 1:18 says, “No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.” So when God appears to people and is seen by them, I think we should agree that God the Father was not who appeared, but rather God the Son. Exod. 23:20: “Behold, I send an Angel before you to keep you in the way and to bring you into the place which I have prepared. 21 Beware of Him and obey His voice; do not provoke Him, for He will not pardon your transgressions; for My name is in Him.”

And so V. Herberger notes: “JESUS speaks with Moses from the burning bush (Exod. 3:4)” (sermon 5; cf. sermons 6–19). Also, “JESUS, the LORD, went before the Israelites in a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night (Exod. 13:21)” (sermon 41; cf. sermons 47–48).

How is Jesus in Exodus as typified in the Passover lamb?

The warrant for seeing Jesus as typified in the Passover lamb comes from several places in the NT. One of the clearest is 1 Cor. 5:7: “Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us.” And liturgical Christians sing the words of John the Baptist from John 1:29: “[O Christ] The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!”

So V. Herberger says, “JESUS, the perfect Passover Lamb (Exod. 12:3, 5, 8)” (sermon 38; cf. sermons 39).

Was Jesus the angel of death?

Exod. 12:12. ‎The Lord Himself will strike the firstborn. By doing this He is also punishing the false gods. How so?

Cf. v. 21. A big issue is that God actively does the destruction. He does not just permit it. Distinction between evil of fault and evil of punishment. (We make the distinction between evil and bad.) Doctrine: God's punishment. Antecedent and consequent will of God. Warning: repent when calamity strikes. Humble yourself under the mighty hand of God. Antithesis: much Lutheran thinking; universalism.

23. God will not allow the destroyer to strike you. So now it seems that God Himself is not doing the killing.

Val. Herberger seems to say both yes and no: yes in work, no in person. “JESUS, the LORD, passes through Egypt at midnight by a strong angel of death, and strikes all the firstborn, and prepares a great joy for His people (Exod. 12:12, 29)” (sermon 37).

How is Jesus in Exodus as typified in the exodus (the departure from Egypt)?

The departure from Egypt is the exodus. This is a type of Jesus’ work of salvation toward us. The warrant is 1 Cor. 10:1–6: “Moreover, brethren, I do not want you to be unaware that all our fathers were under the cloud, all passed through the sea, 2 all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, 3 all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them, and that Rock was Christ. 5 But with most of them God was not well pleased, for their bodies were scattered in the wilderness. 6 Now these things became our examples.”

So the passing through the Red Sea with the destruction of the Egyptians and bring the Israelites into freedom in the wilderness to worship God at His tabernacle: that all is a type of Christ’s work of saving us through His suffering, death, resurrection, and our Baptism.

And so V. Herberger writes: “JESUS, the LORD, helped Israel out of the hand of the Egyptians dry-footed through the Red Sear, and still helps all godly Christians today through the red sea of Holy Baptism to the freedom of the children of God (Exod. 14:29[-30])” (sermon 49).

With this also goes the feeding with Manna in the wilderness. Jn 6:32–33: “32 Then Jesus said to them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, Moses did not give you the bread from heaven, but My Father gives you the true bread from heaven. 33 For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.””

V. Herberger: “JESUS, the mighty bread of heaven (Exod. 16:32)” (sermon 57).

Also, the miraculous water from the rock in Exod. 15. The old LCMS Bible commentator Kretzmann on 1 Cor. 10:1-5 sees the water and manna as types of the Eucharist: "In this respect the food and drink of the Eucharist are fitting, and likewise surpassing, antitypes of the miraculous food and drink of Israel in the wilderness. Now as then it is the Word of God which gives effectiveness to the meal, but with varying success in believers and unbelievers. The miraculous water is further explained by Moses: For they were drinking, during the entire course of their wilderness journey, from the spiritual Rock accompanying them; but that Rock was Christ. While their mouths partook of the water flowing at their feet, their spirits were refreshed through faith in Christ, present with them as the Rock of their salvation."

How is Jesus in Exodus as typified in Moses?

The basic warrant for seeing Moses as a type of Christ comes from Moses’ prophecy about Christ in Deut. 18:15: “The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren. Him you shall hear.”

Here V. Herberger notices that “JESUS is carried by Mary into Egypt as Moses is carried by Miriam to the daughter of the king of Egypt. Again, Jesus preserves all believers in the communion of the Christian Church as He preserves Moses in the ark of bulrushes (Exod. 2:3, 10)” (sermon 2).

How is Jesus in Exodus as typified in Israel?

The basic warrant for seeing Israel collectively as a type of Christ comes from Hos. 11:1, quoted by Matt. 2:15: “When Israel was a child, I loved him, And out of Egypt I called My son” (Hos. 11:1).

Here Valerius Herberger notices similarities between the people of Israel and the Lord Jesus. “JESUS is sought by Pharaoh, the cruel-hearted king of Egypt, among the sons of the Israelites, just as He is sought by Herod among the children of the Bethlehemites” (sermon 1).

How is Jesus in Exodus as typified in the tabernacle?

The answer is vast. The tabernacle was “the copy and shadow of the heavenly things” (Heb 8:5) and had “a shadow of the good things to come” (Heb. 10:1; cf. Col. 2:17). We must remember that the real reason (not a pretend reason) for why God wanted to bring Israel out of Egypt is so that they could worship Him. Exod. 3:18: “The LORD God of the Hebrews has met with us; and now, please, let us go three days’ journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.” Exod. 5:1: “Thus says the LORD God of Israel: ‘Let My people go, that they may hold a feast to Me in the wilderness.’ ” And so the last half of the book is seemingly boring details about the construction of the tabernacle, and the conclusion of the book is not Passover, not the Red Sea, not the manna, but when the tabernacle is set up and God’s glory fills it (Exod. 40). The goal of divine liberation is true divine worship.

V. Herberger: “JESUS, the pure, golden mercy seat of the Church, which overlies, adorns, and covers the wooden (that is, earthly) arks of our hearts with blood as costly as gold, so that His eternal Father is pleased to make an everlasting covenant of peace with us (Exod. 25:10–17)” (sermon 31).

“JESUS, the worthy Church’s blessed showbread and memorial bread, who is laid before us on the table of the Holy Gospel and the most worthy Sacraments for the feeding of our souls (Exod. 25:23–30)” (sermon 32).

“JESUS, the lampstand of gold in the sanctuary of His Church and of our hearts, with the ever-burning light of His consolation (Exod. 25:31)” (sermon 33).

“JESUS builds and inhabits the holy Christian Church, just as He did the tabernacle among the Israelites long ago (Exod. 26:1; 27:9)” (sermon 34).

How is Jesus in Exodus as commentator?

Besides being “in” Exodus as that which is written about, Jesus in the Gospels also comments on the text of Exodus. In this way He is “in” Exodus by means of being the best, most authoritative commentator on the text. The Jews have their Targums, Talmud, and Midrash given them what they think are the authoritative comments on the text of Moses, but we have the comments of the eternal son of God, so by means of Jesus’ mouth, we have the key to Exodus.

The Lord Jesus commented on Exodus 20 in the Sermon on the Mount, for example (Matt. 5–7).

Also, He spoke of the meaning of what God said at the Burning Bush (Matt. 22:32). “God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.”

V. Herberger: “JESUS speaks the words when the holy Ten Commandments are given from Mount Sinai (Exod. 20:1–2)” (sermon 3). “JESUS, the Mediator of the new covenant, must comfort us when the holy Ten Commandments have terrified us (Exod. 20:18)” (sermon 4).

Sunday, June 30, 2019

Herberger's "Other" Postils


Valerius Herberger, known in his life time as the "Jesus preacher" and "Little Luther," was a prolific writer of sermons. Besides preaching Sundays, festivals, and weekdays (a duty shared from the time of his diaconal service in 1599 until his death in the preaching office in Fraustadt in 1627), he found time to publish meditations and literary postils on the Pentateuch and early histories Joshua, Judges, Ruth—these occupying about 1200 folio pages—the first twenty-three psalms, the book of Sirach (in 97 sermons), Christmas and the Passion from the four Evangelists, and the New Jerusalem from the book of Revelation, and several volumes of funeral sermons, in addition to his regular Sunday and festival sermons on the Epistles and Gospels. Toward the end of his life, he was preparing several of these for publication, many manuscripts no doubt being copied for the press by his son Zacharias and published only posthumously, in some cases not until the 18th century. 

Among all these works we also find the curiously named Geistreiche Stoppel-Postilla, meaning spiritual gleanings-postil (Stoppel is a cognate of the English word stubble), in Latin "Spicilegium." The term is agricultural and refers to the produce gleaned or manually harvested from the edges, corners, and margins of the field after the main work has been done. Here Herberger harvested a storehouse of sermons on pericopes throughout the Gospels and Acts not generally treated in the regular course of the church year. He does not cover all the remnants of each Gospel, however, but as you can see, begins with Matthew, and tends to avoid repeating parallel passages in the other Gospels, resulting in 103 sermons of about 6 folio pages each on average. Especially noteworthy is the paucity of Marcan sermons here. Acts, meanwhile, consumes 87 sermons of similar length. Since this may prove of interest to others, I provide a list of the contents here. The page numbers refer to those of the Leipzig Gleditsch edition of 1715 (see image above).

Part One: Gleanings from the Holy Gospels
  • 1. Matthew 1 — p. 1
  • 2. Matthew 3a. — p. 9
  • 3. Matthew 3b. — p. 19 * another version of this sermon appears in his Evangelische Hertz-Postille.
  • 4. Matthew 4:12-17  — p. 28
  • 5. Matthew 3:23–25 — p. 34
  • 6. Matthew 5:1–12 — p. 41
  • 7. Mathew 5:13–16 — p. 49
  • 8. Matthew 5:17–19 — p. 57
  • 9. Matthew 5:27–end — p. 65
  • 10. Matthew 5:38–6:4 — p. 73
  • 11. Matthew 6:5–13 — p. 80
  • 12. Matthew 6:16–23 — p. 86
  • 13. Matthew 7:6–14 — p. 94
  • 14. Matthew 7:24–fin. — p. 101
  • 15. Matthew 8:14–17 — p. 107
  • 16. Matthew 8:18–22 — p. 112
  • 17. Matthew 8:17–22 & Luke 9:61–62 — p. 117
  • 18. Matthew 8:28–fin, 9:1 — p. 122
  • 19. Matthew 9:14–17 — p. 127
  • 20. Matthew 9:35–fin. — p. 132
  • 21. Matthew 10:1–4 — p. 137
  • 22. Matthew 10:5-15 — p. 142
  • 23. Matthew 10:16 — p. 148
  • 24. Matthew 10:17–27 — p. 153
  • 25. Matthew 10:28–32 — p. 160
  • 26. Matthew 10:34–fin. — p. 168
  • 27. Matthew 11:11–15 — p. 174
  • 28. Matthew 11:16–24 — p. 180
  • 29. Matthew 12:1–21 — p. 186
  • 30. Matthew 12:31–37 — p. 191
  • 31. Matthew 12:28–31 — p. 196
  • 32. Matthew 12:42 — p. 200
  • 33. Matthew 12:46–fin. — p. 205
  • 34. Matthew 13:44 — p. 210
  • 35. Matthew 13:47–fin. — p. 215
  • 36. Matthew 14:1–12. — p. 219
  • 37. Beheading of John (Mark 6:17–29) — p. 225
  • 38. Matthew 14:22-fin. — p. 231
  • 39. Matthew 15:1—20 — p. 237
  • 40. Matthew 16:1–12 — p. 242
  • 41. Matthew 16:21–fin. — p. 248
  • 42. Matthew 17:1–9 — p. 254
  • 43. Matthew 17:10–13 — p. 260
  • 44. Matthew 17:14–21 — p. 264
  • 45. Matthew 17:22–fin. — p. 269
  • 46. Matthew 18:15–20. — p. 274
  • 47. Matthew 19:1–15 — p. 280
  • 48. Matthew 19:16–26 — p. 284
  • 49. Matthew 21:23–32. — p. 289
  • 50. Matthew 21:33–fin. — p. 295 {“275”}
  • 51. Matthew 22:23–33 — p. 299
  • 52. Matthew 23:1—33 — p. 305
  • 53. Matthew 23:34–fin. — p. 311
  • 54. Matthew 24:1—14. — p. 316
  • 1. Mark 8:22–26. — p. 322
  • 2. Mark 9:49–50 — p. 327
  • 3. Mark 12:41–44 — p. 331
  • 4. Mark 13:33–fin. — p. 332
  • 1. Luke 1:1–4 — p. 338
  • 2. Luke 1:5–25 — p. 341
  • 3. Luke 4:33–fin. — p. 346
  • 4. Luke 11:1–13 — p. 351
  • 5. Luke 12:13–21 — p. 356
  • 6. Luke 13:1–5 — p. 362
  • 7. Luke 13:6–9 — p. 366
  • 8. Luke 13:10–17 — p. 370
  • 9. Luke 13:31–fin. — p. 373
  • 10. Luke 14:25—33 — p. 378
  • 11. Luke 17:7–10 — p. 384
  • 12. Luke 22:31–38 — p. 391
  • 1. John 1:15–18 — p. 396
  • 2. John 1:29–34 — p. 400
  • 3. John 1:43–fin. — p. 406
  • 4. John 2:12–fin. — p. 411
  • 5. John 3:22–fin.— p. 418
  • 6. John 4:1–14 — p. 426
  • 7. John 4:15–24. — p. 431
  • 8. John 4:25–46. — p. 437
  • 9. John 5:19–30 — p. 442
  • 10. John 5:31–fin. — p. 448
  • 11. John 6:23–58 — p. 454
  • 12. John 6:27, 33, 35, 47, 51, 58 — p. 460
  • 13. John 6:59–fin. — p. 465
  • 14. John 7:1–13 — p. 470
  • 15. John 7:14–39 — p. 475
  • 16. John 7:40–fin. — p. 481
  • 17. John 8:1–20 — p. 486
  • 18. John 8:21–30 — p. 492
  • 19. John 8:31–45 — p. 497
  • 20. John 9:1–17 — p. 502
  • 21. John 9:18–fin. — p. 507
  • 22. John 10:17–31 — p. 513
  • 23. John 10:31–fin. — p. 517
  • 24. John 12:27–30 — p. 523
  • 25. John 12:31–fin. — p. 528
  • 26. John 13:18–fin. — p. 534
  • 27. John 14:15–23. — p. 539
  • 28. John 16:30–fin. — p. 544
  • 29. John 17:1–5 — p. 548
  • 30. John 17:6–19 (parts 1–4) — p. 554
  • 31. John 17:6–19 (part 5) — p. 559
  • 32. John 17:20–23 — p. 564
  • 33. John 17:24–fin. — p. 568

Part Two: Gleanings from the Acts of the Holy Apostles

  • 1. Acts 3:1–8 — p. 1
  • 2. Acts 3:9–16 — p. 5
  • 3. Acts 3:17–fin. — p. 10
  • 4. Acts 4:1–12 — p. 16
  • 5. Acts 4:13–22 — p. 20
  • 6. Acts 4:23–31 — p. 25
  • 7. Acts 4:32–fin. — p. 30
  • 8. Acts 5:1–11 — p. 34
  • 9. Acts 5:12–16 — p. 39
  • 10. Acts 5:17–21 — p. 44
  • 11. Acts 5:21–32 — p. 48
  • 12. Acts 5:33–40 — p. 53
  • 13. Acts 5:40–fin. — p. 57
  • 14. Acts 6:1–7 — p. 61
  • 15. Acts 8:1–8 — p. 65
  • 16. Acts 8:9–13 — p. 69
  • 17. Acts 8:14–25 — p. 73
  • 18. Acts 8:26–fin. (I: of Philip) — p. 77
  • 19. Acts 8:26–fin. (II: of the Eunuch) — p. 82
  • 20. Acts 9:23–25 — p. 87
  • 21. Acts 9:26–30 — p. 91
  • 22. Acts 9:31 — p. 95
  • 23. Acts 9:32–35 — p. 100
  • 24. Acts 9:36–43 — p. 104
  • 25. Acts 11:1–18 — p. 108
  • 26. Acts 11:19–26 — p. 113
  • 27. Acts 11:27–30; 12:25 — p. 118
  • 28. Acts 13:1–12 — p. 123
  • 29. Acts 13:13–41 (Paul & Barnabas) — p. 128
  • 30. Acts 13:16–41 (Paul’s sermon) — p. 133
  • 31. Acts 13:42–43 — p. 139
  • 32. Acts 13:44–fin. — p. 143
  • 33. Acts 14:1–7 14834. Acts 14:8–18 — p. 152
  • 35. Acts 14:19–fin. — p. 157
  • 36. Acts 15:1–4 — p. 162
  • 37. Acts 15:5—21 — p. 168
  • 38. Acts 15:22–29 — p. 174
  • 39. Acts 15:30–35 — p. 179
  • 40. Acts 15:36–fin. — p. 184
  • 41. Acts 16:1–10 — p. 190
  • 42. Acts 16:11—15 — p. 195
  • 43. Acts 16:16–24 — p. 200
  • 44. Acts 16:25–34 — p. 206
  • 45. Acts 16:35–fin. — p. 211
  • 46. Acts 17:1-10 — p. 216
  • 47. Acts 17:10–15 — p. 221
  • 48. Acts 17:16–21 — p. 227
  • 49. Acts 17:22–fin. — p. 233
  • 50. Acts 18:1–11 — p. 239
  • 51. Acts 18:12–17 — p. 245
  • 52. Acts 18:18–fin. — p. 249
  • 53. Acts 19:1–7 — p. 255
  • 54. Acts 19:8–12 — p. 259
  • 55. Acts 19:13–20 — p. 264
  • 56. Acts 19:21–34 — p. 270
  • 57. Acts 19:35–fin. — p. 275
  • 58. Acts 20:1–12 — p. 280
  • 59. Acts 20:13–17 — p. 286
  • 60. Acts 20:18–fin. — p. 290
  • 61. Acts 21:1–6 — p. 296
  • 62. Acts 21:7–14 — p. 302
  • 63. Acts 21:15–20 — p. 308
  • 64. Acts 21:20–30 — p. 313
  • 65. Acts 21:31–fin. — p. 319
  • 66. Acts 22:1–22 — p. 324
  • 67. Acts 22:23–29 — p. 330
  • 68. Acts 22:30–23:6 — p. 336
  • 69. Acts 23:6–11 — p. 341
  • 70. Acts 23:12–16 — p. 345
  • 71. Acts 23:17–fin. — p. 350
  • 72. Acts 24:1–4 — p. 358
  • 73. Acts 24:5–21 — p. 363
  • 74. Acts 24:22–27 — p. 368
  • 75. Acts 25:1–12 — p. 374
  • 76. Acts 25:13–fin. — p. 379
  • 77. Acts 26:1–24 — p. 285
  • 78. Acts 26:24–fin. — p. 392
  • 79. Acts 27:1–13 — p. 398
  • 80. Acts 27:14–26 — p. 403
  • 81. Acts 27:27–41 — p. 409
  • 82. Acts 27:42–fin. — p. 414
  • 83. Acts 28:1–6 — p. 419
  • 84. Acts 28:7–10 — p. 424
  • 85. Acts 28:11–16 — p. 428
  • 86. Acts 28:17–22 — p. 434
  • 87. Acts 28:23–fin. — p. 439